Psamtik II

Psamtik II succeeded his father Necho II in 595 BC and ruled until 589 BC, with dates uncertain by about a year. Despite the brevity of his six-year reign, his administration was energetic. In 592 BC, he launched a major southern military expedition into Nubia, employing both native Egyptian forces and foreign mercenaries, including Greeks, Carians, and Phoenicians. This army pushed deep into Kushite territory, neutralising any potential threat from the south.

Troops returning from the southern campaign carved famous inscriptions onto the colossal statues at Abu Simbel, providing vital historical evidence for the expedition. Psamtik II also carried out temple building, including additions to the Temple of Hibis in Kharga Oasis, and quarried granite obelisks at Heliopolis. He was succeeded by his son Apries.

Scholars know his reign through royal stelae, temple inscriptions, and the distinctive military graffiti left at Abu Simbel.

Monuments

• Abu Simbel graffiti
• Temple of Hibis additions
• Obelisk of Montecitorio

Explore further

Try the name on the Cartouche Desk, or see where the reign falls on the timeline.