About The Pharaos
A reference to the rulers of ancient Egypt, and a tool that writes names in hieroglyphs.
What this is
An independent reference site. The Reign Roll and pharaoh list cover 224 rulers, and the Cartouche Desk writes a name in hieroglyphs.
Dates and facts
Reign dates follow a conventional chronology and are held as ranges, because scholars disagree by years or decades. Each ruler has a grade from A to D that says how firm the date is. The chronology guide explains the grades.
Text
Ruler entries were drafted by a language model from structured facts and then reworded. They are short summaries, not scholarly papers, and may hold mistakes. For anything that matters, check a specialist source.
Hieroglyph renderings
Cartouches for kings are modern phonetic renderings built from a conventional spelling of each name unless a page says otherwise. They are not copies of inscriptions. Names typed into the Desk follow fixed sound rules, described in the sound rules guide. Signs come from the Egyptian Hieroglyphs Unicode block, drawn with Noto Sans Egyptian Hieroglyphs under the SIL Open Font Licence.
Privacy
This site has no accounts, no cookies, no advertising and no third-party scripts or analytics. Names typed into the Desk are processed in your browser and are not sent anywhere or stored. The only thing saved on your device is your choice of day or night colours. The hosting provider, Cloudflare, counts visits at network level.